Do you know the oldest cities in France?

How old is France as a territory?

France is undoubtedly a very old country, and the traces of the various civilisations that have succeeded one another have forged its historical and cultural heritage, also contributing to the influence of this small country throughout the world.

But when exactly was France created? While many associate the 'creation' of France with Clovis (circa 465-511), leader of the Franks, from whom the etymological root of the country is derived, France as a unified land goes back many years. Indeed, by succeeding in the feat of unifying Gaul, or rather the Gauls, to face Julius Caesar, Vercingetorix (c. 72-46 BC) is often cited as the founder of French unity.

But beyond these historical figures who have traced the original physiognomy of France as a country, we should rather consider France as a territory in the strict sense of the term. And according to this definition, France and its oldest cities date back to the Greek civilisation and the colonies that built its foundations.

Is Marseille really the oldest city in France?

Based on this assumption, Marseille is often considered the oldest French city. The foundation of the Phocaean city dates back to the 6th century BC: it was created by Greeks from Ionia, a region of Asia Minor, to establish a trading post on the banks of Lacydon, the current Old Port of Marseille.

Due to its strategic location, Marseille, which was then called Massilia, experienced an unprecedented boom. It was an influential trading centre and also helped to develop olive and vine crops, as well as writing and coins.

Joined to France in 1481, Marseille was quickly considered one of the most important cities in the kingdom, both in terms of its population and its economic dynamism, which was largely driven by its port. Today, Marseille is still one of the most important French cities and has been able to highlight its historical and cultural assets, which have contributed to making the city one of the most famous French cities in the world.

Béziers: the oldest town in France still inhabited today

But here's the thing: contrary to prejudice, Marseille is not the oldest city in France from a purely historical point of view. Numerous archaeological excavations have confirmed that Béziers is the oldest city in France still inhabited. The date of its creation has been precisely dated: founded in 625 BC by the Greeks, a few years before Marseille, Béziers was a very important place for trade.

Ceramics and pottery were also a significant economic source. Its many hills also provided ideal promontories to be safe from attackers and to found a large city. Similarly, the nearby river Orb made navigation easy and encouraged the development of agriculture and viticulture in the region.